Double bass · 6 min read

French and German double bass bows compared

Two bow holds, two frogs, two ways of reaching the string. What actually differs between French and German double bass bows, and how players end up choosing.

2026-06-12

Two bows, two grips

The double bass is the only orchestral instrument where two incompatible bow designs are both standard. The French bow, sometimes called the Bottesini bow, looks like an enlarged cello bow: narrow frog, overhand grip with the thumb tucked under the stick near the frog and the fingers draped over. The German bow, also called the Butler or Dragonetti bow, has a tall frog with an open throat, and is held from underneath, palm facing up, with the thumb resting on top of the stick and the frog cradled between the fingers.

This is not a regional curiosity that will eventually resolve. Both are taught in major conservatories, both appear in every professional orchestra, and sections routinely contain players of each. The instrument does not care. The bows differ in balance and in how weight reaches the string, which changes how you solve certain problems, not which problems you can solve.

The sticks themselves differ too. German bows tend to be slightly longer with a lower balance point; French bows are shorter and more concentrated in the hand. Both are made in pernambuco, brazilwood or carbon fibre, and the same rules about quality apply to each.

How weight gets to the string

With the French hold, weight comes down through the arm into the index finger and the thumb, more or less as it does on cello or violin. The hand can rotate and the fingers can flex, which gives fine control over the contact point and over fast changes of direction. Getting weight into the string near the tip requires deliberate arm work, because the hand is furthest from the string there and leverage is working against you.

With the German hold, the hand is under the stick and the arm hangs more naturally. Weight goes in almost by dropping, which makes strong sustained strokes and heavy down-bows feel effortless. The bow is easier to drive through the string at the tip, because the grip pulls rather than pushes. What costs more effort is the up-bow at the frog and rapid bouncing strokes, where the hand has less independent articulation available.

In practice this means the two bows have slightly different comfort zones. Detached fast passagework and spiccato tend to come more readily with French. Long, wide, powerful orchestral lines and heavy accents tend to come more readily with German. Good players are entirely capable of the other thing; they just get there by a different route.

Where each came from

The underhand grip is the older of the two. It descends from viol practice, where the bow was held palm-up with the hand under the stick, and the double bass inherited that habit along with its viol-shaped sloping shoulders and flat back. Domenico Dragonetti, the great Italian virtuoso who spent most of his career in London around 1800, played with an underhand grip on a heavy bow, and his name attached itself to that style.

The overhand grip arrived later, as the bass moved into solo repertoire and players wanted the agility that violinists and cellists had. Giovanni Bottesini, whose solo playing in the middle of the nineteenth century did more than anyone's to establish the bass as a solo instrument, used an overhand grip, and the French bow carries his name in many places for that reason.

The naming is unreliable, though. Plenty of German players use the French bow and vice versa. Treat the labels as descriptions of the frog shape, not claims about geography.

Choosing one, and switching later

For most students the decision comes down to what their teacher plays, and that is a reasonable basis. A teacher can only give you the detail of a bow hold they use every day, and detail is what matters in the first years. Anyone with cello or violin experience often finds French more immediately intuitive, because the grip is familiar. Anyone who struggles to produce a big sound sometimes finds German easier at the start, because weight arrives more naturally.

Hand size plays a small role. The German frog is bulky, and a very small hand can find it awkward to hold securely. Beyond that there is no physical reason to prefer one.

Switching later is entirely possible and a number of professionals play both, but it is a genuine project rather than a weekend. The bow arm has to relearn its reflexes, and progress on your primary bow will pause while it happens. Better to choose deliberately at the start and then stop thinking about it.

What to look for in a bow

Whichever style you choose, the bow matters more than beginners assume, and student instruments almost always come with a poor one. A good bow makes a modest bass respond; a bad one makes a fine bass feel dead. Test by playing a slow open-string down-bow and listening for whether the sound stays even from frog to tip, then by playing at the tip and seeing how much work it takes to keep the string speaking.

Check the camber by sighting along the stick with the hair slackened. Look for a smooth curve and no twist. Bounce the bow lightly on a string and see whether it settles into an even rhythm on its own or has to be forced. Carbon fibre bows are consistent, durable and a sensible choice for a first serious bow, particularly in a humid climate where wooden sticks move.

Rehairing is routine maintenance, roughly once or twice a year for anyone playing daily. In the tropics it comes round faster, which is worth planning for if you play in Singapore.

Frequently asked

Which bow is easier for a beginner?

Neither is objectively easier. Players with previous cello or violin experience usually settle into the French grip faster because the hand position transfers. Beginners who struggle to draw a full sound often find German weight comes more naturally. In practice the deciding factor is which one your teacher plays and can therefore teach in detail.

Can I switch from German to French bow later?

Yes, and plenty of professionals play both. Expect it to take months rather than weeks, because you are rebuilding bow-arm reflexes rather than learning a new position. Most people who switch do it with a teacher and accept that their main bow work plateaus during the transition.

Do orchestras care which bow I use?

No. Bass sections routinely mix both, and nobody in the audience can tell. Some sections develop habits around bowing decisions that suit one grip slightly better, and occasionally a principal has a preference, but no professional orchestra hires or rejects a player over which frog their bow has.


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